Plenum on a poppet valve guns are tricky. The number of variables that can limit effectiveness are many. Primary is poppet dwell. How long does the poppet remain open before the spring and air pressure close it. If the dwell is short a larger volume plenum will be wasted.
Ports, 90° turns, barrel length all can affect the effectiveness of a plenum.
Optimally you would want a plenum 3x-4x the size of your barrel volume. But due to all the limitations, due to poppet valve guns design, the effective size is limited to some value less.
Each type of gun is unique with regard to plenum volume. Some they are useless. The Umarex Gauntlet has a tiny feed hole from the regulator to the gun. Adding a plenum does nothing.
As far as I know the only way to determine effective volume is trial and error.