Why do reg need a bleed hole to work?

I will take a stab at this and we can see where this discussion goes from here. In a perfect world we all would be at one ATM (atmospheric pressure). 14.7psi. YET, we are not all at the same altitude. Nor is the atmospheric pressure in any one location always the same. The hole as I understand it, is there to sense the ambient atmospheric pressure. This pressure is used to maintain the relational ship pressure that the regulator is set.
 
If spring chamber is not vented to atm, its like adding extra variable spring force that the sensing piston cannot regulate correctly. when air chamber fills it pushes reg piston against spring to keep valve open till your set psi point is reached then it closes. The other side of that piston would not only have to push against the spring but with no vent air pressure would be compressed by the piston acting as an air spring depending on how much pressure is pushing to compress.... Basic principle for all externally equalized regulators...

Make sure to use a vent hole for correct operation

jmo
 
My version. The hole is there to sense atmospheric pressure, and to use this pressure differential between the regulator set point and atmospheric pressure. The high pressure side of the regulator varies between fill pressure (250 bar) down to regulator set pressure (say, 125 bar). Without a constant differential the regulator set pressure would vary wildly. But since atmospheric pressure is a relative constant (less than 1 bar variance), and the low pressure side (regulator set pressure) is compared to atmospheric pressure, it opens and shuts the valve/seat to maintain that constant differential that is set unless changed by the operator. 

At least that’s the way I understand it from my nuclear power days in the Navy...
 
To add further info .... All o-rings leak to some degree and while it may be very little ... the space inside a regulator where the bevel washers are at is VERY SMALL.

If no vent were used ( Along with correct reasons above ) the space where bevels are located would over time also be pressurized and that pressure would act as if MORE spring pressure was present and the regulators set point would climb ever higher and higher.



Simple as regulators are, there dependent on some fixed perimeters of pneumatic flow and equalization.