What is "Tuning"

I read that an airgun has been "tuned" and I wonder exactly what that means and what has been done to tune it. My primary interest is how to get my Hatsan Sortie pistols to operate better as semiautomatics. Sometimes they will fire ten shots in semiautomatic mode and sometimes it will require several recocks to finish the magazine. Without disassembly I can see only two possible adjustments at the rear of the frame. Is "tuning" a combination of hammer spring adjustment, best pellet (weight?) and optimum pressure?
 
Tuning is a very broad term. It means different things to different people or in different situations, though in the context of PCP rifles it most commonly refers to adjusting for a particular power level and/or shot count.

In other cases it may refer to other activities like accurizing, polishing and adjusting the trigger, and doing things to improve the shot cycle of vibration (especially on springers)

BTW, I would categorize fixing a semi-auto cycling problem as a repair rather than a tune. 
 
Depends on the gun. Some guns cannot really be tuned unless you tear them apart and really know what you are doing. Other guns, like the Marauder, Impact, Crown and others have the adjustment controls ready and available.

I can't speak to the Hatsan, but in the Marauder you have three controls:

  • Hammer Stroke
  • Hammer spring Pre-Load
  • valve metering screw

Crosman indicates in the manual that the Hammer Stroke and Spring Pre-Load are to allow different fill pressures in the tank and optimize performance for a given pressure. You can use those two combined with the Transfer Port to control the speed of the pellet, and efficiency of air use to whatever you want (within reason).

That's basically all there is to tuning. Control the air efficiency and speed of the pellet.

As for the pellet weight, if you don't make any adjustments to the gun, heavier pellets typically fly slower, lighter pellets faster. So, when tuning, pick a pellet, adjust to the speed you want and then stick with it. It seriously isn't worth tinkering and perfecting a dozen pellets when one will do.

I seriously doubt that tuning in the traditional sense will help with semi-auto feed problems. That sounds more like a mechanical / lubrication issue to me, but I'm no Hatsan expert.
 
Theese guys up top have given great examples of tuning and it is a a broad term as mentioned above ,for me ,i own a few RAW air rifles ,and have talked to my guy about what he does for a tune ,,and basically he said everything he does is what a regular guy cant and what he can ,hes so thorough its quite amazing ,my guy MARK B ,totally breaks the rifle down and goes through every part ,and when you have done as many as he has you know what you need to test , polish, sand ,adjust ,lube and so on ,,then the rifle is re assembled and a certain pellet is usually picked to perform a certain way ,FPS, FOOT LBS ,,then when assembled now the rifle must be adjusted to create a harmony within its parts to shoot smooth and work well together ,hope its a good example ,pat