Air pressure is helping or not helping the valve return spring. Overtravel can be bad, if the design allows overtravel.I have been tinkering with these things for almost 10 years now and can't think of anything that could be damaged by dry firing. You are dropping the same hammer with the same spring against the same valve.
Most, if not all, ISSF 10m pistols and rifles have a dry-fire capability. But that is entirely a function for training shooting technique without the "disturbance" of a shot. Dry-firing is very revealing. Even though the recoil from a ISSF 10m gun is quite negligible, it's still enough to mask errors the shooter makes.Pardini K-12 has a true Dry-Fire mode, in which you cock the pistol, move the Safety selector up past the Safe position, and dry-fire. This method lets the trigger work as in normal use, but the air system is not used. I don’t know if other Olympic type pcp’s have this feature, mainly because I have never shot any other air pistols.
It is a neat feature, but since I shoot in my garage, I have rarely used it.