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Common myths about shooting groups (and some truths)

Myths:

1. When testing a how a rifle groups, You aim at the same spot on the target every time, as accurately as possible. The only thing better would be to have the barreled action in a vice.

If your goal is to shoot the best possible group in the prevailing conditions, with the equipment and ammunition you have in hand, you almost never shoot at the same spot twice. You are always compensating for wind and natures effect on every single shot. The farther you get from the target, the more this comes into play. If you are shooting an air gun with pellets at 100 yards, and it is perfectly calm, A puff of breeze will easily move it a half inch if not more. The shooter is definitely part of the equation.

2. Shooting small groups is just luck.

Each shot in each five or 10 shot group is a distinct event. For example, if you’re shooting five shot groups at 100 yards, and you get the first 3 into a little tiny bug Hole, The fourth shot can become insurmountably more difficult. If you happen to sneak the fourth shot into that little bug hole... Pulling the trigger on shot number five takes extreme confidence. And involves quite a few misses. To Shoot sub half inch groups at 100 yards with an air gun; You need to have an incredible scope, an incredible rifle, an incredible tin of pellets, incredible conditions, an incredible shooter, an excellent bench set-up, great technique, and incredible luck. Try it in 22 caliber...try it in any caliber. 


3. You need a $5000 benchrest rig, to shoot half inch groups at 100 yards.

I’ve never even owned a true benchrest rig, (other than powder burners and 22 Long Rifle which don’t count here). You do need a good accurate rifle, but it doesn’t need to be a specific purpose benchrest rifle.

4. When people post their magic groups, it doesn’t give a true indication of the capability of the rifle. Average groups are much more interesting.

Who the heck wants to see peoples average performance when they’re watching sporting highlights? Why would I shoot all day and post my average groups? Yes, they will tell me at what distance I should shoot a critter or varmint, but that’s about it. When a golfer chips in from 30 yards to win the masters, they show that shot over and over. They don’t show the shot where the guy put it 10 feet from the pin from the same distance. That’s why we post magic groups, because they are magic.

5. Shooting groups is totally different than shooting air gun benchrest.

I will guarantee you, if you look at the top shooters cards at the top BR tournaments. And laid all of their targets on top one another. The top scoring shooters would have consistently smaller groups center to center than of all of the other competitors. On a calm day you’d see five shots in a row That would measure less than half an inch at 100 yards. You’ll see 10 shots in a row less than an inch at 100 yards. But only on the best shooters cards.


Benchrest shooting goes back to the turn of the 19th century and before. In most disciplines historically, the winner shoots the smallest average center to center groups of all the competitors. This is extremely difficult to set up, as you have to have a moving backer behind the target. I believe that’s why you Have seen the sport of 22BR evolve. Because only one shot is taken at each target, you didn’t need a moving background. This allowed small local clubs to get shoots set up without having to invest in 25-50 lanes of moving backers to record the shots. It would appear the Air gun benchrest sport has evolved from 22 BR.


I can’t wait to join you guys once I’m finished with field target and kids.

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Just for fun, here is a target of 10 shots groups shot at 100 yards, all in one day. Varmints beware! 22 Rapid 2012. 



mike




 
Mike, I will take a slight exception to your number one above, as I think we are mixing two related, but quite different elements, shooter and rifle. I competed in BR for quite a while, and certainly being able to read and compensate for conditions separates the good from the average shooters. But, in testing the rifle/load itself, you do indeed need to have a consistent aim point (apart from your POI), and hold steady on it every shot, which is why it has to be done in good conditions. We are testing the equipment here, not the shooter. Once you know you have a rifle and load capable of at least quarter minute accuracy, then the shooter goes to work. This is the only way you know that if, for example, you miss a wind read and put your shot a quarter minute out, it was you, not the rifle. Exacting work for sure, redefines tedious, which is why I now shoot air rifles at big targets!
 
I think the MOA goal when shooting in a 100 yard EBR tournament is an incredibly hard goal to reach or exceed. Lets look at a typical 100Y EBR type competition, the 2019 EBR.

Shooting in the Pro finals at 100 yards, the AVERAGE of the ten best shooters scores (arguably in the world) was 215.9.

The average score per shot was 8.636. The targets are scored inwards and plugged to .35 caliber. So to correlate this to group size it would not be Center to Center, or Outer Edge to Outer Edge. It would be Inner Edge to Inner Edge, which is more lenient.

The 8 ring is 2.00 inches, the 9 ring is 1.25 inches. Only the Winner averaged a 9.0. So his inner to inner group size would be 1.25 inches. And this is measuring the easiest, most lenient way possible. Extrapolating the AVERAGE of the TEN BEST scores gives an inner to inner group size of 1.727 inches.

NO ONE shot MOA for 25 shots, not even the winner. And the average score of the TEN BEST was a group size of over 1.7 inches... Something to think about... Granted, that is a 25 shot group in tournament conditions, but its still eye opening. And this was done with unlimited sighters between shots - some as much as 100+...

It goes without saying that anyone that shoots MOA - 25 shots - at 100 yards in an EBR type competition will win...
 
I agree with both of your comments.

I have experimented with with group size in comparison to the number of shots. In every case, the group steadily gets larger with the number of shots. I’m sure you could draw a graph and it would just continually go up, Eventually tapering off to a very shallow incidental increase.

I found on average I could shoot a group 1/2 the size, if I shot 1/2 the number of shots. Mostly comparing between five and 10 shot groups. From 10 to 20 shots it’s not going to again double, but it will continue to increase. 25 is a huge number of shots to put all in one small hole, Especially when you get out to 100 yards and the wind starts taking effect. 


mike
 
It's amazing to me how hard it is to shoot even 1 moa at 100Y with a pellet gun! Not including wind. Below is what my ballistic app shows for full value winds, in 1 mph increments, at 100Y, for my 25 cal Impact using 34's at 840 fps.

1mph - .2mil, 2mph - .4mil, 3mph - .7mil, 4mph - .9mil, 5mph - 1.1mil, 6mph - 1.3 mil, 7mph - 1.5mil, 10mph - 2.2mil.

1 mil = 3.6" at 100Y.

So as one can imagine if it's not either calm out, at least somewhat steady winds, it's not very easy to shoot 1 moa at 100Y. Wind with large let offs, swirling winds, inconsistent winds, eddies, those all make it hard for the best shooters out there. 

Granted I'm only a mid level BR shooter with an airgun but on my property when it was 0-7mph winds, including switches on occasion, and using flags, I was getting 4.5" of horizontal for 15 shots doing my best to figure out the conditions, LOL. Sometimes when I shot, the wind appeared the same for the next, but I'd hit 1.5" away from the previous shot! I gave up both times and put the rifle away. 








 
There seems to be a general belief (myth) that a good air rifle should be able to shoot one MOA at 100 yards. Easy conversion, that's a 1" group at 100 yards. This is BS. Even a very good, high power air rifle, is not going to shoot an average 1" group at 100 yards, ain't gonna happen. Will it ever happen? Sure. And those are the posts you see. I'll offer this advice to the new shooters who might be trying this, and maybe getting frustrated with both their shooting, and the wind solutions offered by various software. First, throw away the software, never take your phone app to the range. Get some good wind flags, set them every 25 yards, practice. Wind is almost never a constant condition, and you have to learn to read the flags. I don't do any air gun BR, but I used to do a lot of CF bench rest. You have to watch the flags between you and target, and learn how to interpret the average effect. It's not a perfect science, and I remember many times when time was running out, and I just made a guess and pulled the trigger. Over time, the guesses become more educated.
 
I personally find it easier to hit a far target once, than to repeatedly put them in one hole at any distance beyond 40 yards in any wind over 3mph. I wait until I don’t feel any to break the trigger. 

I’ve seen OP’s springer groups from way back when it was 3 shots to 5. He can surely read wind & shoot very well. Interesting post and thanks for it.
 
Qualification round 2 for me at RMAC last year at 100 yards, 44.75 JSB with .30 FX Bobcat. I was getting 4 Mil wind drift (about 14 inches). Yup, it was blowing like crazy and gusting also. No bueno and not much fun. I told the guy next to me if I go hunting and it starts blowing like this I put my gun in the trunk and go home..
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Flags were worthless. They were either flapping like crazy or blown over. 
 
There seems to be a general belief (myth) that a good air rifle should be able to shoot one MOA at 100 yards. Easy conversion, that's a 1" group at 100 yards. This is BS. Even a very good, high power air rifle, is not going to shoot an average 1" group at 100 yards, ain't gonna happen. Will it ever happen? Sure. And those are the posts you see.

I agree with Ed. Too many times shooters have too high of an expectation, since all they see posted online are the “magic” groups, that best group of 25 that were shot that day. Nothing wrong with that, it’s fun to see. But it’s not the normal group size. Take a look at this that I shot yesterday. 110 yards, EBR size target, 8 ring 2 inches, 9 ring 1.25 inches. .22 EDGun R3 Long with RD Monsters at 960 FPS. Shooting for score, not group size.


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On first glance, you may think “meh, not that great”. And you would be right. I shot 11 shots because I decided to keep shooting until 1 shot was outside the 8 ring. But is it good? If so, how good? This is 10 yards further than the normal EBR 100 yards, from a prone position with light swirling breezes. And the average score is 8.73. To put that in perspective from my post above, the average score of the top ten shooters at EBR 2019 was 8.64. So the above target would be very competitive in the Pro division of a major 100 yard BR competition. But on first glance it doesn’t look that great does it? I think sometimes we expect these little half inch stacked magic groups all the time from our guns. And as Ed says above, that’s not reality...

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@Lennyk They are more than likely real. What made you think they are fake? What I and everyone else on this post said is those aren’t the average group, those that are shown are the best groups of many. No problem with that. Just saying when getting into Airguns that you shouldn’t expect ANY gun to shoot magic groups all the time. Also that if you could shoot MOA for 25 shots at 100 yards to 25 different bullseyes you’d win a lot of tournaments. Ok?
 
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I just have to post this picture again. It’s the best group I’ve ever shot with anything. It’s a five shot group at 130 yards using a A.Z. Theoben .20 cal. The scope is a 50X Valdada Terminator. It was off of a solid bench and two bags. Absolutely no wind. And when I shot the last pellet I saw it hit the center of the tiny group and I couldn’t believe it. I immediately went up the hill to measure and photograph the group. I wish now that I would have just kept trying more groups to take advantage of the lack of wind and my incredible luck. I’ve tried the same thing many many times since then and never again came close. It is so much not my average group, but I’m simply amazed that I own the rifle that can do it! Sorry about the squirrel in the picture, didn’t have another picture of the Theoben. I don’t think I’ll ever be able to do it again. It may have been almost all luck, and I’m definitely admitting that. But wow it made my day 😁!
 
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I just have to post this picture again. It’s the best group I’ve ever shot with anything. It’s a five shot group at 130 yards using a A.Z. Theoben .20 cal.

Reply: that is an incredible group. By looking at the other groups that I can see in your picture around that one, your rifle shoots really well. I have never been able to get a 20 caliber to shoot 1/2 MOA at 100 yards, and believe me I’ve tried. 3/4 MOA no problem. 


your group is well under .5 MOA. 


And the difference between 130 yards and 100 yards...is not 30 yds, it may as well be a mile shooting airguns. You had it working that day!

mike