It all varies depending on state laws. From a federal perspective, no background check is "currently" needed to buy an Airgun, so no yellow paperwork gets filed at the gun store, or FFL dealer, so no BATF background check occurs. You could go into a local bass pro or cabelas in your state and purchase one over the counter, no questions asked. However, if your resident state and county classifies Airguns as a firearm, or dangerous or controlled weapon, and you are caught... You might be FUBAR'd, no dice, do not pass go, no $200.... Ignorance of the law, is not conducive to favorable treatment either. You need to be observant, compliant, and you need to check your state laws and county ordinances for where you live to be certain. Also, if you use that Airgun for hunting or use in other states or counties, they must all comply too...