If the BC of whatever projectile was the exact same from a 25 and 30 caliber, as well as the velocity, the trade off would be more energy on target for the 30 and more expense. The windage and the drop would be the same.
If the BC were higher in the 25 than the 30 and driven 100 fps faster, then windage and drop would favor the 25. Or the inverse.
I know that when my friend and I were shooting his Redwolf in 22 with JSB Beast's and I was shooting my 25 with 33's, it was easier for him to connect at our 200M chicken. His projectile was faster and had a higher BC. At 100Y we're neck and neck or close to it.
My expensive 22rf averages .8" at 100Y and that same chicken is easy to hit, if there's little wind I would never miss, not so with both our air rifles. That's the difference a .15 BC at 1100 fps vs a .05 BC at 900 fps for the air rifles.
There's so much that can happen at distance! Sometimes a certain pellet will fall apart at a certain point whereas another will sail on.
If I needed the energy of the 30 cal for hunting or whatever I'd pick the 30 cal, otherwise I prefer 25, more in the magazine and a little cheaper to shoot.
Accuracy at distance, as far as the ability to connect, can be as simple as "this barrel, likes this pellet, at this speed" and some barrels just will shoot well vs some just don't, regardless of projectile.
Say a guy buys slugs, with a significantly higher BC, but the rifle won't shoot them well with the proper twist barrel, vs the pellet barrel that shoots the pellets well, the extra BC of the slug becomes meaningless.
There are those that buy test barrels, or larger quantities of barrels, that try each one with their favored projectiles to find the most perfect combo to eek out the most accuracy, unfair I'll tell yuh!!
Open ended question then??!! What's the most accurate at what distance?
The farther away I shoot I tend to grab the rifle out of the safe that works the best to match the distance I'm attempting and don't try to make something that isn't.... I want challenge but I don't want frustration...
If you want to shoot 3000Y you shoot a huge cartridge like a 416 Barret not a 223, right?!
It's all relative...