Setting the right expectations for Air Gun Hunting

I touched on this in another topic ,,, http://www.airgunnation.com/topic/pa-legalizies-airguns/#post-171647 But wanted to see If I could get some help and feedback from more experienced air gun hunters on this topic and I feel that by getting a good sketch or outline that others can reference we might be able to further the advancement of air gun hunting for actual game.
A lot of you know that I can sometimes say the right things in completely the wrong way (or at least wrong things for the right reason). Not everyone may agree with my opinions, but I do hope you understand that I am passionate about providing a positive influence and seeing a positive outcome in the subject of airgun hunting.


You may have seen some posts were I hounded on public perception and what its effect on our hobby can be, There is a reason why it is one of my main focuses.
I am a third generation professional truck driver by trade with over 15 years of experience myself and my father over 45 years and as such have personally witnessed how much of a negative impact public perception can have on a topic and how a group of people who has never sat behind the wheel of a truck can and do influence laws and restrictions that has been placed on that industry.
I have also witnessed how the actions or mistakes of less than 1% of the professional drivers (and even in some cases a single person) can negatively impact the other 99% by being used as bad examples.
There are literally hundreds of different fringe groups trolling the waters looking for bandwagons they can jump on or create themselves to further advance there own agendas and name. My own example,
I have been pushing in my local area with farmers, ranchers and hunting lease owners the use of big bore air rifles in the feral hog population control efforts as a safer and more productive alternative to firearms.
Why, Because many ranchers, farmers, and lease owners, have stopped allowing people to come on their land to hunt hogs because hunters will come in with semi-auto AR platforms and start blasting away making the area sound and feel like a warzone scaring the piss out of everyone and everything in the area.

It seems to me that perhaps even in the air gun world itself shooters tend to focus on the wrong method of considering what airgun is best to use for hunting different size game. (Keep in mind we are talking in general terms and the possible public perception not personal skill levels).
Lets face it, not all air guns are equal even in the same caliber and possibly not even in two guns of the same make and manufacturer due to tuning and other factures such as projectile selection. It is for this reason that I feel we should stop focusing on calibers and start focusing on the Foot Pounds of Energy


I think perhaps one of the main enticements of airgun hunting is the challenge of accuracy over bruit force, and this is the crux of a possible issue in influencing a positive impact on airgun game hunting. There are airgun shooters here that can and do make head shot kills every shot and use that as an example as to why this or that caliber airgun is a good choice for hunting a certain type or size of game. For the individual that works fine and I understand, but in general terms it is a huge mistake.

Because it is one of the most sought after game in my state lets place Texas deer as a good example. I live in the north east quadrant of Texas, The free range deer in my area are considerably smaller than those even less than 150 miles west of me (as much as 60 to 70 pounds average undressed weight). Another consideration that needs to be addressed is the type of hunt being performed be it a freezer hunt or a trophy hunt, as a trophy hunter is going to make a body shot instead of a head shot and is going to be looking for the largest deer possible. Another factor is in the north east quadrant of Texas the average hunting range is somewhere around 50 yards, but if you move to 150 miles west of my location that can open up to over 100 or more yards.
Taking this into account Texas would make a huge mistake in passing a law that said that deer could be hunted with an airgun in caliber size but should focus on the FPE of the projectile itself and then possibly a minimum caliber as a secondary requirement.

This is a snippet from the other post
  • First; is by getting off the topic of calibers you are no longer battling those who see .177, .22,.25, .35 and are comparing them to the same calibers in firearm dangers and or capabilities. You are actually addressing the capabilities of the air guns themselves! 
  • Second; because not all air rifles are equal and shoot at the same fps you are insuring that if that said state is passing a law to allow air guns to be used in deer size game then you are also insuring that the guns allowed to be used will actually be capable of doing the job. THIS will not only insure ethical hunting but also help build a structure for further advancement of air gun hunting with states that are taking small steps first in small game hunting with the possibility of adding larger game down the line. 
  • Third; be reasonable in your expectations. Yes I know there are those of you who could use a .25 air rifle and kill a deer with it. But you need to lower your expectation of skill level down to those who will be taking chest shots of what ever size animal and kill it in an ethical amount of time set your minimal agenda in FPE accordingly.
I have not had the chance to hunt deer with an air rifle the largest animal in Texas we can hunt with an air rifle is feral hogs but I know there are a lot of you who has.
Keeping in mind the skill level and accuracy of a average hunter where do you think these levels should be set.
 
After killing 15+ Michigan size whitetails with various air rifles I'd say 200 ft lb MINIMUM. Can deer be taken ethically with less? Definitely. BUT.. laws should err on the side of caution. One of my earlier big bores was a (190 ft lb) quackenbush .308 that would take deer (easily) within 50 yards with a solid vitals shot. I got the job done in years prior with less power and well placed shots. Michigan laws now allow taking deer with air rifles of .45 cal or larger, as even the "weakest" .45 airgun is lethal with a well placed shot anywhere in the usual anotomical sweet spots. For head shots, 90 fpe is sufficient inside 40 yards "from what I've heard"

Brian
 
"Willie14228"Texas has passed laws that requires hunter education certifacation for those born after a certain year 
I know this would be a very touchy thought but I wonder if there shouldn't be an air gun hunters education certifacation.
NO. Most states have requirements already. In MI it's called "hunters safety class". You're an ethical hunter or you're not.. Start adding requirements and red tape and what's next, archer's education certification? Crossbow certification? Just set the minimum FPE to do the job and enforce it. Hunters attracted to big game air gun hunting don't need additional training/babysitting (in my opinion anyway)
 
P.S You lucky dog, those deer steaks look good I missed my chance on getting a deer because I passed a fair one up in hopes of getting a better shot and spread. In east Texas we have a 13 inch spread law that doesn't allow us to shoot anything less than a 13 inch inside spread.
This little law is how I found out that Texas game wardens has NO sense of humor at all, When I asked just how does he expect me to tie the animal down so I can measure the antlers he decided to do a full check on my truck.
 
While I understand the reasoning behind wanting to "qualify" take methods by FPE versus caliber, there are three main problems with it: terminology, enforcement, and scientific research. Before I get into this, I want to point out that I've worked with Ohio Division of Wildlife on this matter and have also submitted a petition in 2016 to allow the use of air powered hunting devices for both deer and turkey. Crosman has a copy of what was submitted if anyone wants to get a copy to review and modify for their individual state. While Division is open to this idea, they feel that there is not enough of an interest yet to pursue it.

Moving on I want to start with terminology. This can be broken down into two separate issues of legal definition and understanding. If you check your states revised code, you'll find legal definitions for what constitutes a lethal weapon, firearms, black powder device, bow, crossbow, etc. From these descriptions, game departments choose what is an acceptable device and what isn't. Not many states (unlike a lot of municipalities) have any type of definition for an air gun. This means that an air gun could be interpreted as any device that is capable of propelling an object through the use of air. The problem with this definition is that it not only includes paint guns, but also bb guns, air soft guns as well as pneumatic tools, potato guns, and soda can guns. Unfortunately, there are people out there that believe just because the law doesn't say they can't use something they are entitled to use it, so the first step needs to be on defining what exactly can be used. To eliminate this problem, I proposed making an air powered hunting device category and then making them legal. Basically, an air powered hunting device would be defined as a device capable of shooting an existing legal hunting item (arrow, bolt, bullet, round ball, slug or pellet) through the use of air. The second problem with terminology is getting the regulatory agencies to understand it. In short, no agency is going to understand FPE nor are they going to change/create a law base strictly on it. This is where you need to keep with what they already use and understand which is caliber and cutting surface for archery equipment. As most air powered archery devices will use existing broadheads, there will not be an issue here; however, in terms of caliber there can be an issue. The caliber that kills the most people is the .22 long, yet it is not allowed for deer hunting in any state that I'm aware. Why? Because it isn't considered a powerful enough caliber for big game. In other words, the 38 - 40 grain bullet doesn't have enough power behind it to make it an effective deer round in many's eyes. When it comes to firearm calibers, the bigger the caliber the more power it has so it is easy to eliminate smaller calibers on that belief. Case in point, when it comes to black powder many states have a .38 caliber or .40 caliber limit as it is believed anything smaller won't quickly dispatch the animal. Keep in mind that when it comes to hunting, regulatory agencies are not looking at head shots only, but instead are looking at the standard heart/lung shot.

Second we have enforcement which also has multiple components. The first component is how do you know if someone's device meets that requirement? For firearms this is based by caliber, but it is more open ended for archery and crossbow equipment. Some bows have the poundage listed on it (specifically recurve and longbows) while others don't. This can be an issue especially for those multi pound adjustment bows for youths with a large adjustment capability from 15 pounds of draw weight to 70 pounds of draw weight. My guess is that most game departments don't get into it due to the constant change with draw lengths and instead either do the "let me draw it back and yep, OK or not" or most likely go by looks as most of the heavier draw weight bows are going to look bigger than lighter ones. In terms of air powered hunting devices, the only way to tell would be to carry a chronograph and do the math after discharging it for a reading. Again, we've got problems as to all the factors that can affect the reading such as temperature, air charge, and getting the chronograph to read the shot. What you don't want to happen is to have a game officer say you need to go to their vehicle to test it, have it confiscated until it can be tested at a later date or have to "register" the device before hunting with it to ensure it meets the legal standard. Lastly, you'd have to define if the legal standard is FPE at the muzzle or FPE at the point of impact. Again this get complicated as the ethical standard needs to be at the point of impact but how do you enforce it?

The third problem is actually the simplest which is the lack of scientific data a regulating department can show for how many FPE is required to dispatch an animal. Good luck on getting this as most data along these lines must be collected by a University and published to be recognized. This means that there needs to be a specific number of that animal held and sedated for the test, an agreed upon definition for what constitutes death (this is usually with the nervous system), and monitoring of the animal to determine how long it takes to reach that condition. Furthermore, a specific number of the animals must meet this criteria from the sample group in order to say this is acceptable or not. As an example, I remember seeing a study about the efficiency of 7" x 7" body gripping traps on raccoons. To do this study, the University procured 10 or so raccoons and broke them into two separate groups. The test would involve placing a chemically immobilized raccoon's head into the trap and then timing it until the heart stopped beating and no twitching of the eye when touched occurred. The time limit was set at 5 minutes for death to occur. As I'm not aware of how they placed the raccoon's head and fired the trap, I can't comment on that part but the findings had a very limited number of raccoons dying in the allotted amount of time thus leading to the conclusion that 7x7 body gripping traps were not an effective tool for dispatching raccoons. Those reading this that are trappers know this is bull. Once again, there are a lot of variables involved here starting with the trap itself and moving on. I've personally tested this with three different sizes of body gripping traps on over 50 raccoons over two years and will say that even with several not optimal catches (meaning that the jaws weren't on the raccoon's throat like there were in the study), not a single one survived longer than 5 1/2 minutes (for this test raccoons were released from cages into a wire tunnel that held a set body grip trap in it). If we look at an example with deer hunting, Easton states that a bow needs 20 - 40 FPE to dispatch a deer yet in the firearm world, the figure you'll see the most is 1,000 FPE at the POI. In regard to regulating agencies, the issue here is that most don't understand how death actually occurs (despite popular opinion it is from loss of blood, not shock) nor that what is being discussed is how much energy is required for the bullet to operate properly (i.e., fragment, mushroom, produce hydrostatic shock, etc.) and not the amount of energy required to disrupt the circulatory system to allow enough blood loss to cause death.

So while I understand the desire to create regulations based on FPE, I don't feel that it's a good way to go. It's important to realize, like I hinted at with the archery issue concerning draw weight, there are no specifics between what the equipment can do versus what it can produce with that specific person. In other words, in many cases a 28" draw is what most a recurve draw weight is based on while it is based on a 30" draw for a compound bow. You then need to subtract or add 2-3 pounds for each inch under or over that draw to determine true draw weight. So a 40# recurve used with a 30" draw is basically a 45# bow but when used with a 26" draw it drops to a 35# bow which would technically be less than what a lot of regulations allow for. Likewise, there currently are no regulations going into detail regarding the amount of powder or bullet weight each caliber must have. So while the lowest black powder caliber for deer say is .38, there is nothing saying that you have to use 30, 50, 96, or 150 grains of powder and/or an 80 grain round ball. The same can be said for all legal firearm hunting calibers regardless if it is a .357 or something like a .375. Instead, all that matters is that you have a legal device based on the caliber.

To regulate air powered hunting devices by FPE, you'd be creating a structure that will get very complicated quickly as you'd have to qualify projectile weight and velocity over the distances the pellet, slug or round ball can travel. For firearms, this is usually done by the ammunition manufacture but with air powered hunting devices, it'd need to be done by the manufacture with every type of ammunition it could fire. The better way to handle this would be to define air powered hunting devices and qualify calibers for the reasons I've outlined above and then educate those wishing to use those devices.
 
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"Willie14228"LOL I did say it would be a touchy thought, I just wish there was more information available for big bore hunters thanks Brian
And yes, the venison steaks, burger and jerky are outstanding! I haven't eaten restaurant or store bought red meat in years.

I think that this whole thing is actually much SIMPLER than it's starting to sound here. Many states have been allowing air/deer hunting for years with success. Just take a page (literally) out of their book and implement it. 

Enforcement: Not a big deal. Forget FPE! Enforce a minimum caliber that can easily be checked by the officer. By requiring let's say a .45 cal minimum, there will be no question about whether it has the ooomph to drop a deer. Get into smaller sizes and it gets more complicated. Now you're explaining to the officer that your .308 quackenbush or Texan can get it done, whereas most other .30 cal "pellet guns" can/should not be used on deer. 

And lets not forget, big bore air rifles have roughly the same range and lethality of a high end crossbow. There are no special classes or additional training and awareness to bring those afield. I tend to believe that higher end big bores are MORE lethal than a crossbow, but that only helps our case!

Brian

 
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WCT
THANK YOU!!
That is some good reasoning, The only issue that I have is that in some cases a .50 Caliber air rifle from one manufacture will not have the power that a .45 from another
This actually was mentioned to me by someone who was on a closed fence hunt in which a fellow hunter of that person was banned from bringing that .50 back because it just would not perform. I will not mention names or brands but the person who told me about this is very experienced in the air gun world and Big Bore Air Hunting
As you mentioned and I know this both as a bow hunter and black powder hunter when we move into the slower FPS projectiles (Below the sonic threshold) most kills are by bleed out or suffocation through internal bleeding into the lungs. If we are lucky in a boiler plate shot we will strike the Aortic vein along with other vitals this results in a massive drop in blood pressure resulting in shock with the animal down in feet instead of yards and a quick death.
In Texas for bows ( I am not 100% on this) I believe for the device to be considered a legal hunting device it has to have the draw weight listed by the manufacture. As you mentioned it is much easier to test a bows draw weight than it would be to test an air guns FPE or FPS.
Much of our issue must fall back on a self regulation, that is to say retailers and manufactures are going to need to be realistic and truthful in their advertising of hunting platforms and what they can and should be used for. When Texas first legalized crossbows for all hunters instead of a handicap clause there was a huge rash of cheap knock off re-curve bows put on the market that would not fit the minimum draw weight and more than a few hunters that found themselves in a heap of trouble.
Also I have found myself while learning the ins and outs of Big Bore Air hunting chasing a wounded hog down, Not because the gun I was using wasn't powerful enough but because the Projectiles themselves did not provide the power needed from the gun ( Hence my hard won lesson faster is NOT always better)
I know Brian would want to put my hand in that meat grinder for mentioning an air gun hunters education but There is going to have to be a focus on Big Bore Air Gun education in some form of centralized manner that would allow hunters new to the sport to learn.
I have written some blogs but I do not have the experience, I know that Mr Gaylord has done some and AOA has some and PA has some but you see the issue there is nothing really centralized that would allow for a proper hunter education in the topic.

Again Thanks for a well spoken and logical answer to both of you
 
Wouldn't it be nice if the aforementioned suggestions all panned out? They won't! 

While FPS can be very important (shock value), but for that to apply, we must rely on the projectile to depart the majority of its energy and/or enough to assure a clean kill (not to consider where the game is struck).

Obviously related is the FPE. But how much of that energy is departed on the game in question? Answered or not, we could easily get into a heated discussion about pellet brand A versus brand B, just like there is in the powder marketplace. 

Then there is the issue about where the FPE should be measured—at the muzzle, or at some specific distance? Unfortunately, these issue are all open to discretion and interpretation. Like it or not, it is this latter scenario in which every game department will choose to rule in their own inimitable and unfathomable way.
 
Brian,in.MI I believe you are incorrect with MI. minimum cal. of .45 or larger, page 18 of the 2016 MI hunting and trapping digest says "A .35 caliber or larger air rifle or pistol charged only from an external high compression power source" unless something is going to change for 2017 hunting season. I have been looking at buying a .35 cal. for the 2017 deer season and your statement about the .45 or bigger threw me for a loop and I had to double check. just thought I would clear this up. Joel
 
Brian makes two good points: 1)Big bore airgun hunting regulations for big game(deer) will be regulated by caliber not fpe. It's easier to regulate and measure for one thing. Look at your local blackpowder regulations they are determined by caliber.

2)Folks who hunt with big bore airguns are usually experienced hunters. State funds are tight for DNR. Funding is already allocated for hunter education to hunters who turn 16(at least in SC). If you wanted to include any education concerning big bore airguns that's the place to do it.
 
I am a life long hunter. I've used powder riffles shotguns and pistols. Sticks with strings and air guns. I no longer use powder burners. I know there are some big bore super power pellet guns out there,but the most common are pumpers and break barrels. I think that is the reason hunting large game with airguns is illegal. Can you hunt with a bow/crossbow? I use my air guns to hunt/control lest but the largest I would take is coyote/bobcat with a 18-20fpe to the brain at very close range. I know gamo has view taking small pigs. I'd rather use my 50ibs recurve or my knife. For deer,elk,bear,cougar I would take the recurve over any airgun. The range for me is 40yrds max. Why can't you use a powder burner bow/crossbow? I do agree turkey should be open for airguns, even when hunting with shotguns you are within air gun range and the head is the ideal target. My NP 177 will blaze threw a marmont skull at 35-40 yards and can stack pellets out to 80 so taking a head off a turkey should be easy peasy.
 
I really think birds maybe not ducks should be open to pellet guns. I have taken pigeon all day long trying to keep my range to 40yrds or closer but can drop them dead at 60. Also if you are going to airgun hunt you need to invest into a quality scope with an AO. Adjustable objective. All the FPE in the world won't do you any good if you can't put the projectile where it needs to go.