I have 2240s and 2250s with 7.5(standard length)10,14,14.5 and 18 inch barrels. I can state for a fact that a longer barrel will in fact increase velocity by 10 to 14 fps per inch of barrel length depending on the temperature when using CO2. I got diminishing fps on barrels longer than 18" when temperatures were on the cool side with this platform. The optimum barrel length for me has always been ~14". Note:I do all of my velocity testing with a .22 Crosman Premier 14.3g pellet which usually shoots accurately (unless it is in .177 caliber form).
A steel breech will not necessarily increase the velocity unless you install an extended probe or a hollow, extended probe. A steel breech is one of the best mods because you can then mount scopes,red dots and different sights. It really anchors the barrel in the gun and makes the gun more solid as a whole.
There are other ways to gain more velocity through modifying the valve, boring air port,and using heavier hammer springs but this leads to reduced shot count with a 12g CO2 powerlet. You can also bulk air them but that's almost a different topic.
The best mods would be a longer barrel, steel breech, different sighting system (scope,red dot etc.). You can also get into inexpensive trigger mods. Some of my favorite plinking is rolling water bottles with a 2240. It has the perfect energy to send them flying.