Air Arms S510 shrouds have an end cap which is female threaded 1/2-20 UNF not the typical 1/2-20 UNF male thread. Most moderators are 1/2-20 UNF female so an S510 would need a male thread moderator or an adapter for a standard UNF female one. There is stainless steel fitting that will adapt a UNF female moderator without spending $40 or more for an adapter. The following fiting is male to male 1/2-20 UNF with a .31 inch opening so it can be attached to an Air Arms S510 and others up to .25 caliber. It costs $6.70 on Ebay including tax and shipping. My only modification was to spray the center hex section black to match the shroud and moderator.
Here's the part description: 2403-05-05 Hydraulic Fitting 5/16" Male JIC X 5/16" Male JIC C5305
Ebay link: 2403-05-05 Hydraulic Fitting 5/16" Male JIC X 5/16" Male JIC C5305 | eBa
Here's the part description: 2403-05-05 Hydraulic Fitting 5/16" Male JIC X 5/16" Male JIC C5305
Ebay link: 2403-05-05 Hydraulic Fitting 5/16" Male JIC X 5/16" Male JIC C5305 | eBa